An apicoaortic conduit is a surgical procedure used to relieve severe aortic valve stenosis in patients who are not candidates for traditional aortic valve replacement. This procedure creates an alternative pathway for blood to exit the left ventricle by connecting the apex of the heart (the lower part) to the descending aorta via an artificial graft and valve. By bypassing the native aortic valve, the apicoaortic conduit allows blood to flow more easily from the heart to the body, reducing strain on the heart and improving overall blood circulation. It is often performed in patients with complex or multiple valve issues, those with previous heart surgeries, or those with anatomical features that make conventional surgery risky.
The need for an apicoaortic conduit typically arises from severe aortic stenosis or cases where previous interventions, such as valve replacements, have failed or are not feasible. It may also be recommended for patients with congenital heart defects or other complex cardiovascular conditions that make direct aortic valve replacement too dangerous. Symptoms that lead to the consideration of an apicoaortic conduit include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, fainting, and heart failure symptoms, such as swelling in the legs and ankles. These symptoms occur because the narrowed aortic valve obstructs blood flow, forcing the heart to work harder. By providing an alternative route for blood, the apicoaortic conduit can significantly improve symptoms and enhance quality of life, though it is usually considered a last resort when other options are not viable.
